The Neologism of remote sensing
The word remote sensing refers to all the
techniques that make it possible to study objects or phenomena remotely. The
neologism appeared in the United States in the sixties, when new sensors come
to complete the traditional aerial photography.
«The set of knowledge and techniques
used to determine the physical and biological characteristics of objects by
measurements made remotely, without physical contact with them »
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| Satellites |
According to this very broad definition, remote sensing can be practiced from the surface of the
Earth to the atmosphere or to space, as
space to Earth, and astronomy largely uses remote sensing. A more precise and
more operational definition of remote sensing is the following:
«Remote sensing is the set of techniques
that make it possible, by acquiring images, to obtain information on the
surface of the Earth (including the atmosphere and the oceans), without direct
contact with it. . Remote sensing encompasses the entire process of capturing
and recording the energy of emitted or reflected electromagnetic radiation,
processing and analyzing the information it represents, and then implementing
this information.. »
The development of remote sensing
techniques results from the conjunction of the invention of vectors, balloons,
planes or satellites, allowing to move away from the surface of the ground or
from the Earth as a whole, and the constant improvement of the sensors. Apparatus
for recording the electromagnetic radiation to reconstruct the characteristics
of the surface (land or ocean), or the atmosphere.
Satellites have become indispensable for
monitoring and studying the oceans. They provide access to essential ocean
variables such as surface temperature and salinity, sea level, water color and
surface winds with unparalleled spatio-temporal coverage. Most satellite ocean
data is freely available on the internet for researchers. Some are also
available in real time in science centers.
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